When the glaciers melted at the end of the last ice age, the sea level rose considerably. This caused the valleys to fill with water and become the fjords we know today.
We chatted about life in the Norwegian fjords, but also a little about the unique physical characteristics of the fjords. You may also have heard that fjords are much deeper farther inland. The formation process is responsible for this characteristic too. The debris pushed down the valley by the glacier is left underwater at the ocean entrance of the fjord.
This makes the water much shallower there than in the main body of the fjord. The seabed at the entrance to the Sognefjord is said to be covered by as much as metres of sediments. So, that's what we know about how fjords are formed. Do you have any other questions? Let us know! According to local folklore, the volcano was named after Daragang […].
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More News. From this, the maximum average erosion rate over the last 2. Taking into account the selective nature of ice streams, annual erosionrates for ice streams in the Sognefjord drainage basin probably varied between 1. The degree to which overdeepening can take place depends on the relationship between the thickness of the ice and its velocity.
These variables critically affect the effectiveness of abrasion and other erosional processes. When the ice is thick, threshold values between increasing and decreasing abrasion show that the ice must have a high velocity to erode effectively. Within a narrow critical zone, the combination of great thickness and high velocity thus provides the optimum conditions for a high abrasion rate.
As overdeepening has taken place in the Sognefjord, and the ice is suggested to have been more than m thick along inner parts of the fjord, ice velocities must have been very high along the Sognefjord drainage channel. Similar channelized ice flows occur at present in Antarctica and Greenland with measured annual ice velocities of about m.
However, these fast moving ice streams are connected with rapid subglacial deformation of water-saturated unconsolidated till.
Limited to the east by the main watershed, the fjord region of western Norway is about 58, km2. If the average estimate of m from the Sognefjord drainage basin is representative, a rough calculation regarding the total Quaternary glacial erosion in the fjord region of western Norway is about 35, km3 of rock. The present landscape features along the Sognefjord are the result of several erosive processes; glacial abrasion, glacial plucking, subglacial meltwater abrasion, fluvial down-cutting, subaerial denudation and non-glacial downslope movement.
Compared to fluvial erosion and subaerial denudation, glacial erosion processes are by far the most effective, though it is impossible to quantify the contribution from each of them.
Since both fluvial downcutting and subaerial denudation during the Holocene are insignificant, this may also have been the case for preceeding interglacials. As the contribution from these processes probably is within the error limits of our volume calculations, the contribution from these erosive agents is ignored in our estimates.
In addition, the drainage basin of the Sognefjord consists of several geomorphological styles; the little-affected paleic surface, deep fjords, U-shaped valleys, and steep-walled gorges, which complicate higher-resolution quantification of Quaternary erosion rates.
The average erosion rate over the last 2. Skip to content. Fjords are found in locations where current or past glaciation extended below current sea level. A fjord is formed when a glacier retreats, after carving its typical U-shaped valley, and the sea fills the resulting valley floor. This forms a narrow, steep sided inlet in Norway, sometimes deeper than meters connected to the sea. Pictures of some fjords in Western Norway. Search fjords.
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